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Dhoti

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For the far western area of the Nepalese region, see Doti.

A Dogri dancer wears a dhoti, at a theatre in Jammu.

The dhoti, also known as mardani, jaiñboh, or panche, is a piece of cloth arranged around the waist and the legs, in resemblance to the shape of trousers.[1][2][3] The dhoti is a lower garment forming part of ethnic wear for men in the Indian subcontinent.[4][5] The dhoti is fashioned out of a rectangular piece of unstitched cloth, usually around 5 ft to 4.5 metres (15 ft) long.

An illustration of sepoys (soldiers) recruited into the British Indian military

The dhoti is considered to be the male counterpart of the saari worn by females to religious and secular ceremonies (functions).[6] A pitambar is a yellow silk dhoti worn on auspicious occasions.[7][8] Dhotis must not be confused with "readymade panchakachams"[9] or "dhoti pants", which are a new ready to wear trend, popular among women and typical of children.[10][11][12] Although the terms mundu or veshti are used interchangeably with "dhoti",[13] they are different from the dhoti, which is "looped" or wrapped around the legs, in the form of trousers or pants.[14] The dhoti is better known as panchakacham in South India, which may even be worn while doing dances such as moonwalks, but the skirt-like form of the veshti has its limitations, according to fashionistas.[15] While the saari is still draped by women as daily wear, most Indian men no longer know how to wrap the dhoti,[16] as it has been displaced by "English clothes" of the British, in urban areas or cities such as Bombay (Mumbai).[17]

Etymology

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Khasi folk dancers wearing "Jaiñboh" dhotis and other traditional garb

It is also referred to as "dhautra" (IPA: /dʱɑwtɽɐ/) in Sanskrit, which means rope or cord. The dhoti evolved from the ancient antriya which was passed through the legs, tucked at the back and covered the legs loosely, then flowed into long pleats at front of the legs, the same way it is worn today as formal dhoti.[18]: 130  While a casual and short dhoti wraps around both legs firmly, in this style the back side of the dhoti is pulled to the front and tucked at the waist, before tucking the two loose ends at back, creating firmly fitted trouser-like dhoti that wraps around both legs. This style is more commonly worn by farmers and martial artists.[19][20]

Names and styles

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Relief depicting men in anatariya and uttariya, 1st century CE
A Manipuri dancer dressed as Krishna in yellow dhoti

The garment is known by various names based on language, such as:

Native script Transliteration Language or region
চুৰিয়া, ধুতি Suriya, Dhuti Assamese
ধুতি Dhuti Bengali
ધૉતિયુ Dhotiyu Gujarati
धोती Dhotī Hindi, Maithili, Nepali and Pali
मर्दानी Mardānī Hindi
ಧೋತ್ರ
ಕಚ್ಚೆ ಪಂಚೆ 		Dhotra
Kachche Panche 		Kannada
धोंतर,
आंगोस्तर,
आड नेसचे,
पुडवे
Dhontara,
Āṅgostara,
Āḍa nesace
Puḍave 		Konkani
മുണ്ട് Muṇṭ‌ Malayalam
धोतर Dhotara a Marathi
ଧୋତି Dhotī Odia
ਚਾਦਰਾ Chaadra Punjabi
வேட்டி Vaetti Tamil
పంచె, ధోవతి Pañce, Dhōvati Telugu
دھوتی Dhoti Urdu
a In Marathi, a dhotar is not the same as a pancha (plural panche).
While the former is worn around the waist, the latter is normally
a towel used after bathing (compare below).

Custom and usage

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A Chakravati wears a pancha in an ancient style. First century BCE/CE. Amaravathi village, Guntur district (Musee Guimet).
The Didarganj Yakshi depicting the dhoti wrap

The pancha is worn by many conservative Jain men when they visit Derasars or Basadis for puja; unstitched clothing is believed by some Jains to be "less permeable to pollution" and therefore more appropriate for religious rituals than other garments.[21] They also wear a loose and unstitched cloth, shorter than the pancha on top.

A Benaresi man in dhoti with a Central Asian kurta, in Uttar Pradesh.

Hare Krishna, known for its distinctive dress code, prompts Western adherents to wear pancha, usually of saffron or white cloth folded in ethnic Bengali style. Maharishi Mahesh Yogi was known for wearing a white silk dhoti.[22]

The dhoti has been ethnically worn by farmers, pehlwano (wrestlers) and shepherds (grazers) of the Sikhs in the Punjab region; it was discouraged during the Punjab Subah Movement, owing it to the inter-communal tensions prevalent at the time.[23][24] The dhothi was also worn by South Canarese Christian men to their pre-nup ceremonies, Church weddings and receptions until the 1960s, when they fell out of favour; since then grooms have been styling the black suit and tie instead.[25]

A man in dhoti paired with a short kurta in Rajasthan

There's a distinction between the lungi, a similar garment often worn by people at their homes, as it is more casual and comfortable, dhoti is sometimes even worn by secular politicians.[26]

M K Gandhi in 1935

At the height of the Indian Independence Movement, weaving was a symbol of the Swadeshi Movement. In 1921, the famed M K Gandhi himself championed only the dhoti often topless and without a kurta, to promote and identify with the weaves and handicrafts, produced by the rural and the poor of his homeland.[27][28][29]

See also

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References

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dhoti.
  1. ^ Company, Fideler (1960). Life in Other Lands. Fideler. p. 78. Retrieved 3 January 2021. It is arranged to look like a pair of baggy trousers. This garment is called a dhoti and is usually made of cotton. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  2. ^ Bhandari, Vandana (2005). Costume, Textiles and Jewellery [i.e. Jewelry] of India: Traditions in Rajasthan. Mercury Books. p. 105. ISBN 9781904668893. Retrieved 3 January 2021. One of the reasons for the dhoti's enduring popularity is its loose trouser - like form, which is convenient and extremely well - suited to the tropical Indian climate .
  3. ^ K Parker, Lewis (1994). India. Rourke Book Company. p. 14. ISBN 9781559160056. Retrieved 3 January 2021. Boys and men often wear a dhoti. This is a piece of white cloth wound around the waist. Dhotis look like comfortable, baggy pants.
  4. ^ "Indian Dhoti". Indian Mirror. Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  5. ^ NAYAR, K.P. (2 May 1999). "NEPAL WAKES UP TO DHOTI POWER". The Telegraph (India). Retrieved 16 August 2024.
  6. ^ Avasthi, Vivek (14 January 2020). "Sarees for women, dhoti for men: Officer's dress code for Kashi temple irks minister". The Federal. Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 3 January 2021.
  7. ^ Henry, Baden Powell (1872). Hand-book of the Economic Products of the Punjab (etc.): Forming ... to the hand-book of the economic products of the Punjab. Engineering College Press. pp. 65, 67.
  8. ^ Birdwood, George Christopher Molesworth (1884). The Industrial Arts of India. Chapman and Hall. p. 363.
  9. ^ "Madisars made to fit just right". 16 May 2012. Archived from the original on 25 August 2024.
  10. ^ "Doting Upon the Return of Dhoti Pants". 12 November 2018. Archived from the original on 7 July 2022.
  11. ^ "Latest Fashion, Trends and Style for Dhoti Kurta for Girls – FayonKids". 16 May 2022. Archived from the original on 6 June 2022.
  12. ^ "What are dhoti pants". Archived from the original on 4 November 2010.
  13. ^ "What is Veshti". Rhythm Dhotis. 2020.
  14. ^ Dasgupta, Reshmi R. (15 May 2011). "Cocktail Conversations: Veshti Vs Dhoti". The Economic Times. Archived from the original on 12 November 2021.
  15. ^ "Dhoti dynamics". The Hindu. 25 June 2015. Archived from the original on 28 September 2015.
  16. ^ "Why is Sabyasachi shaming women who can't drape sarees but not men who can't tie dhotis?". ThePrint. 13 February 2018. Archived from the original on 10 August 2022.
  17. ^ "I'm a 24-year-old Gandhian and I'm not ashamed to wear a dhoti everyday". 4 January 2016. Archived from the original on 28 August 2024.
  18. ^ Govind Sadashiv Ghurye (1951) Indian Costume
  19. ^ Indian Costume by Govind Sadashiv Ghurye 1966
  20. ^ Ancient Indian Costume By Roshen Alkazi 1996
  21. ^ Cort, John E (2001). Jains in the World: Religious Values and Ideology in India. Oxford University Press. p. 221. doi:10.1093/0195132343.001.0001. ISBN 9780195132342.
  22. ^ Koppel, Lily (6 February 2008). "Maharishi Mahesh Yogi, a Guide On the Beatles' Spiritual Path, Dies". New York Times. p. C.10.
  23. ^ Brard, Gurnam Singh Sidhu (2007). East of Indus: My Memories of Old Punjab. Hemkunt Press. ISBN 9788170103608.
  24. ^ Lamba, Krishan Gopal (1999). Dynamics of Punjabi Suba Movement. Deep & Deep Publications. ISBN 9788176291293.
  25. ^ Silva, Severine; Fuchs, Stephen (1965). "The Marriage Customs of the Christians in South Canara, India". Asian Folklore Studies. 24 (2): 1–52. doi:10.2307/1177555. JSTOR 1177555.
  26. ^ McLain, Sean (23 July 2014). "No Dhotis Please, We're Indian". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 3 November 2017.
  27. ^ Sankaralingam, Sathrukkan (2 September 2020). "Gandhi - Weaving a nation together". Minister White Blog. Archived from the original on 11 October 2020. Retrieved 2 September 2020.
  28. ^ "What made Gandhiji wear only Loincloth or Dhoti". pib.gov.in. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
  29. ^ "Importance of Veshties in Tamil Culture". Ramraj Cotton. Retrieved 13 July 2022.
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